2022 iri hafi "gufunga", ni ubuhe bwoko bw'urupapuro rusubiza buri mwaka ruzatangwa n'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu Bushinwa?
Ku ruhande rumwe, agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mezi 11 ya mbere y’ubwiyongere butajegajega icyarimwe, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu kwezi kwiyongera ku kwezi kuva muri Nyakanga ukwezi ukwezi kugabanuka; Ku rundi ruhande, kugira ngo hafatwe amabwiriza menshi, guhera mu ntara z’ubukungu bw’inyanja y’iburasirazuba kugera mu turere two hagati n’iburengerazuba, guverinoma nyinshi zateguye imishinga y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo iguruke mu mahanga kugira ngo iteze imbere amasoko.
Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe guhanahana amakuru mu bukungu, Visi Perezida, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi, Wei Jianguo, mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye n’umunyamakuru w’amakuru agenda yiyongera, biteganijwe ko muri uyu mwaka wose, Ubushinwa muri rusange ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kuba byiza kandi bitezimbere, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kugera ku mibare ibiri.
Icyakora, Wei Jianguo yagaragaje ko igabanuka ry’iterambere ry’ukwezi kumwe rikiri mu rwego ruhamye, kandi ko kugabanuka ari “by'agateganyo, byumvikana”, “ubwoba budakenewe, ntibishobora kuvuga ko igabanuka ry’iterambere ry’ukwezi kumwe kugira ngo ryerekane ko ejo hazaza h’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ari mubi, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri rusange bukiri mu bikorwa byiza kandi bihamye.”
Umwaka utaha w’ubucuruzi, Wei yavuze ko ibintu bitaha umwaka utaha bikomeye, inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu zigomba gutsinda ingaruka zatewe n’icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu, igihe cyatinze cyo gufata, kikaba ari urufunguzo. Yashimangiye kandi ko nyuma y’iki cyorezo, inganda zikora inganda ku isi, imari shingiro, ikoranabuhanga n’impano bizihutisha kwimurira mu Bushinwa, tugomba kwitegura, uko intara ziteguye, niko amahirwe menshi yo kuyifata.
Ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa biriho ubu amatsinda menshi yo mu karere yo gufata ibyemezo, Wei yasobanuye ko ari "udushya mu mateka y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga", muri icyo gihe, ni ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inama y’ibiro bya politiki nkuru yo ku ya 6 Ukuboza ryasabye "abakozi batinyuka gukora, abaturage batinyuka guca, ibigo bitinyuka gukora, rubanda rugatinyuka gukora ubupayiniya". Byongeye kandi, Wei yasabye ko ahantu henshi hagomba gusohoka hashyizweho umwete kandi tugafata iya mbere, “nko mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ubu twakagombye kuvuga ko bagize uruhare mu 'itsinda' igihe cyiza.”
“Igabanuka ry'ubwiyongere bw'agateganyo ni iby'igihe gito, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kuba byiza kandi bihamye”
Amakuru ya Surfing: Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo yerekana ko mu kwezi k'Ugushyingo, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 3.7, byiyongereyeho 0.1% umwaka ushize, umuvuduko w’ukwezi kumwe ukomeje kugabanuka, ubona ute impinduka?
Wei Jianguo: Impamvu yo kugabanuka kwiterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu kwezi kumwe, imwe ni igabanywa ry’ingingo nyinshi z’icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’inzego zimwe na zimwe zo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo cy’ibyorezo, bigatuma habaho uduce tumwe na tumwe two guhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, icya kabiri ni izamuka ry’inyungu za Banki nkuru y’igihugu ryateje ifaranga ryinshi mu bukungu bumwe na bumwe, kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa by’abakiriya byagize ingaruka ku kugabanuka kw'abakiriya bo mu mahanga, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga bikurikirana, ibyo bikaba byaragabanutse ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba byaragabanutse ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku mahanga, ibyo bikaba byaragabanutse ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga. icya gatatu ni amakimbirane y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, nyuma y’ibiciro by’ingufu byazamutse, ibiciro by’imizigo byazamutse, n’inganda zimwe na zimwe zo mu Burayi zarafunzwe, ku buryo kuva icyo gihe, hagabanutse igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro kandi bizima mu Bushinwa.
Nyamara, igabanuka ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu kwezi kumwe riracyari mu rwego ruhamye, kugabanuka ni iby'igihe gito kandi birumvikana, ukurikije rusange, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga buracyari mu mikorere myiza kandi ihamye, ntibushobora kuvuga ko igabanuka ry’iterambere ry’ukwezi kumwe kugira ngo ryerekane ko ejo hazaza h’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ari mubi.
Amakuru atangaje: amezi 11 yambere yuyu mwaka, ubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa bufite igikwiye kwitabwaho?
Wei Jianguo: Mu mezi 11 ya mbere, Ubushinwa bwinjije mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na tiriyari 38.34, byiyongereyeho 8,6% mu gihe kimwe n’umwaka ushize, muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 21.84, byiyongereyeho 11.9%, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 16.5, byiyongereyeho 4,6%, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ubwiyongere bw’imibare ibiri.
Kuva uyu mwaka ibikorwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga bifite ibimenyetso byinshi byingenzi bikwiye kwitabwaho. Ubwa mbere, ibicuruzwa rusange bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari hejuru ya 60% by’agaciro k’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, bigera kuri 63.8%, byiyongereyeho amanota 2,2 ku ijana mu gihe kimwe cy’umwaka ushize, imikorere myiza y’ubucuruzi rusange yerekana ko ubushinwa bw’imbere mu gihugu nk’ibikorwa nyamukuru, by’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu rwego rwo kuzamura iterambere ry’iterambere rishya.
Icya kabiri, ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya bwungutse bimwe. Muri iki cyorezo, ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya bwagiye buhoro, cyangwa no kuzamuka nabi, mu gihe amezi 11 yambere yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga miliyoni 7,74, byiyongereyeho 1,3%, kwiyongera gake mu kamaro gakomeye ko kuzamura ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi biri inyuma y’ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa bwabaye bwiza, umubare munini w’abashoramari b’amahanga bashora imari mu bucuruzi, umusaruro kuri byinshi.
Icya gatatu, Ubushinwa bwiyongereye hamwe n’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibihugu bikikije “Umukandara n’umuhanda” biruta umuvuduko rusange w’ubwiyongere bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihugu, kandi umubano w’ubucuruzi ugenda urushaho kuba hafi, amezi 11 ya mbere, Ubushinwa bwinjiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikikije miliyari 12.54, byiyongera ku gipimo cya 20.4%, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’igihugu ku kigero cya 11,8 ku ijana.
Icya kane, ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi n’ibicuruzwa byibanda cyane ku murimo kugira ngo tugere ku iterambere ryikubye kabiri, twahangayikishijwe n’uko, kubera izamuka ry’ibiciro fatizo by’ibiciro fatizo, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’umurimo, hamwe na Vietnam ikikije, Maleziya itazakuraho umugabane w’isoko n’izindi mpamvu, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga bizagabanuka, ariko guhera mu Gushyingo gushize, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byibanda cyane ku bicuruzwa byiyongera ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku mashanyarazi bikagera kuri miliyari 9.9% komeza gushimangira impinduka no kuzamura imishinga y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, ndetse no guhindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Byongeye kandi, amezi 11 yambere, ASEAN iracyari umufatanyabikorwa munini wubucuruzi, hano tubikesha ishyirwa mubikorwa rya RCEP, kandi RCEP itaha izakomeza kubutegetsi.
Nkurikije rero muri rusange umwaka wose, ndatekereza ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kuba byiza kandi biteze imbere, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo biziyongera vuba.
Ati: “Ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’amahanga byategetse ni igikombe cy'umuceri, itsinda ku nyanja ni agashya mu mateka y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga”
Amakuru ya Surfing: Kugeza ubu, inzego nyinshi zinzego zibanze zitegura ibigo gufata ibyemezo, ubona ute iki cyiciro?
Wei Jianguo: ku mishinga y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, itegeko ni igikombe cy'umuceri, nta bicuruzwa bishobora kubaho. Guverinoma yateguye inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kujya mu nyanja, twavuga ko ari udushya mu mateka y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nabonye ko guhanga udushya atari muri Guangdong gusa, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, nibindi, mukarere ko hagati nuburengerazuba, harimo Hunan, Sichuan, nibindi nabyo byatangiye, nikintu cyiza.
Usibye guhanga udushya, inyanja yo gufata ibyemezo ni ngombwa cyane gushyira mu bikorwa inama yo ku ya 6 Ukuboza ya Biro Nkuru ya Politiki Nkuru ya politiki “abakada batinyuka gukora, abaturage batinyuka gucamo, imishinga itinyuka gukora, rubanda itinyuka gukora ubupayiniya”.
Itsinda ryo gufata ibyemezo mumahanga, ubanza, byerekana ko nyuma ya Kongere yigihugu ya 20, ibigo byubucuruzi byububanyi n’amahanga bifite isura nshya, bitinyuka gucamo kugirango batsinde isi; icya kabiri, ibicuruzwa ni ibigo byubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga, ariko bigakurikirwa n’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, akazi n’isoko ryuzuye ry’imbere mu gihugu, bityo gufata ibyemezo ni ugufata isoko; icya gatatu, ibigo byubucuruzi byububanyi n’amahanga kugira ngo bimurikire mu mahanga, hari inganda nyinshi zifite ibibazo, guverinoma yagize uruhare "Ukundi kuboko", urashobora kubona ko guverinoma yihuta, serivisi zihari zifasha ibigo gukemura ibibazo, birimo indege zikodeshwa, gukumira icyorezo ndetse n’umurwa mukuru.
Guhera ubu kugeza muri Mata gutaha, Gicurasi, isi izakorwa imurikagurisha ritandukanye cyangwa magana atandatu, tugomba kwitabira cyane, atari muri Guangdong, Hong Kong na Macao, akarere ka Delta ya Yangtze Delta kwitabira, uturere two hagati n’iburengerazuba, akarere k’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba nako gakwiye kugira uruhare, ubu ni igihe cyiza cyo gukina uruhare rw '“itsinda”.
Icyorezo cy’imyaka itatu ntabwo ari ubucuruzi bw’amahanga gusa, ubukungu bwacu muri rusange hamwe n’ivunjisha ry’isi, itumanaho, docking ntibihagije, urwego rwogutanga amasoko ku isi mu myaka itatu ishize rwakomeje guhinduka, kandi iri hinduka ntiriboneka mu nganda zimwe na zimwe z’Abashinwa, ubu iki gihe kugira ngo habeho intera, byihuse mu ruhererekane rushya rutanga amasoko ku isi, urunani rw’inganda, tugomba no gukora imirimo myiza yo “guhanahana amakuru, itumanaho, no guhagarika ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo dushyire hanze, gusa dukeneye no kujya hanze,
“Umwaka utaha ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga burakomeye, ariko nanone ni igihe gikomeye”
Amakuru ya Surfing: ni ubuhe buryo buteganijwe mu mwaka utaha mu bucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga?
Wei Jianguo: ibintu bibiri, ibintu umwaka utaha birababaje, ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’imbere mu gihugu biracyakeneye gutsinda ingaruka zatewe n’icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu, igihe cyatinze cyo gufata, kikaba ari urufunguzo, impande mpuzamahanga, bimwe mu byo kurwanya isi, harimo gukumira ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi, kutabogama, n'ibindi, bizakomeza kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Bushinwa, nabyo ni ingorane zikomeye kandi tunesha.
Kuva mu mpera zuyu mwaka inganda z’ubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga kugira ngo zibone uko ibintu bimeze, umwaka utaha ni igihe gikomeye. Kugira ngo turusheho gukingurira isi ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’amahanga kugira ngo bitere imbere umwuka wo gutinyuka gukora gutinyuka guca, kandi uharanira umwaka utaha, ibyifuzo byo hanze ntibihagije, ndetse n’ibisabwa n’amahanga mu gihe runaka biragoye cyane, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo bukemure ibibazo, kugira ngo bugumane ibihe, cyangwa ndetse biruta ubw'ibihe by’uyu mwaka, izamuka ry’imibare ibiri mu gihe cy’ingufu z’ububanyi n’amahanga.
Amakuru ya Surf: Nibihe bintu byaranze ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga umwaka utaha bikwiye kwitabwaho?
Wei Jianguo: Ikintu gikomeye cyagaragaye ni uburyo bugezweho bwubushinwa dushaka gushyira mubikorwa. Uburyo bugezweho bwubushinwa bushimangira urwego rwo hejuru rwo gufungura isi. Umwaka utaha, hazabaho politiki n’ingamba zo gushimangira urwego rwo hejuru rwugururiwe amahanga, guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa, kurengera umutungo bwite mu bwenge, cyane cyane mu gushyiraho uburyo bw’isoko bushingiye ku mategeko, ku isoko no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, gutera intambwe nini, kandi isoko rinini ry’Ubushinwa rizakurura ishoramari ritabarika nkuwonsa. Nyuma y’icyorezo, inganda ku isi, imari shingiro, ikoranabuhanga n’impano bizihutisha kwimurira mu Bushinwa, tugomba kuba twiteguye, intara ziteguye, amahirwe menshi yo gufata.
Amakuru ya Surfing: Ni uruhe ruhare guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bizagira uruhare mu kuzamura iterambere? Umwaka utaha, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga buhamye bugomba guturuka mu zihe nzego zashyiraho ingufu?
Wei Jianguo: Mu gukoresha ntibyakomeje, ingaruka z’ishoramari ntizigaragara, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga buzakomeza kugira uruhare runini. Guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, icy'ingenzi ni uguhuza ingingo z’isoko, gushimangira politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Icya mbere, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’ubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga guhera muri uyu mwaka, birimo ubwishingizi, inguzanyo, gasutamo, harimo na politiki zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku mipaka, kugira ngo dusobanukirwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa; icya kabiri, gushiraho itsinda rinini, rifunguye amakuru, isabwa kwisi yose kubintu, ikibanza gifite imurikagurisha, ahakeneye ibyo abakiriya, inama ki kubicuruzwa byacu, amasoko aracyakeneye gushakishwa, ubucuruzi bwamahanga kugirango tubyumve vuba bishoboka Icya gatatu, gushyiraho "ibendera" nkibyingenzi, ibindi "frigate" kubungabunga icyitegererezo cya "flet", ni ukuvuga imishinga minini yo gutangiza imishinga, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate inzira, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango ifate iyambere, hamwe ninganda nini zishyiraho inzira, hamwe ninganda nto zishyiraho inzira, hamwe ninganda nto zishyiraho inzira, hamwe ninganda nto zishyiraho inzira, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango habeho inzira, hamwe ninganda nto zishyiraho inzira, hamwe ninganda ntoya kugirango hafatwe ingamba, hamwe ninganda nini zo gutangiza inzira, hamwe nibigo bito byinjira " guteza imbere amasoko mashya.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-15-2022