"Umyalelo sisitya serayisi, iqela ukuya elwandle yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle"

I-2022 sele iza “kuvala”, luhlobo luni “lwephepha leempendulo lonyaka” eliya kuhanjiswa lurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixabiso elipheleleyo lokungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwiinyanga zokuqala ze-11 zokukhula okuzinzileyo ngexesha elifanayo, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwenyanga-ngenyanga izinga lokukhula kwenyanga ukusuka ngoJulayi inyanga nenyanga yehla; Kwelinye icala, ukuze kuthathwe imiyalelo engakumbi, ukusuka kumaphondo oqoqosho onxweme olusempuma ukuya kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, oorhulumente abaninzi baye baququzelela amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukuba abhabhe kumazwe angaphandle ukuphuhlisa iimarike.

China Centre for International Economic Exchanges uSekela Mongameli, owayesakuba nguSekela Mphathiswa wezoRhwebo u-Wei Jianguo uthe kudliwano-ndlebe olukhethekileyo kunye nentatheli yeendaba enyukayo, kulindeleke kulo nyaka wonke, ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo ngokubanzi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kuhlala kunempilo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusaza kufezekisa ukukhula okuphindwe kabini.

Nangona kunjalo, u-Wei Jianguo wachaza ukuba ukuhla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga enye kusekho phakathi koluhlu oluzinzileyo, kwaye ukwehla "yexeshana, kuyaqondakala", "uloyiko olungeyomfuneko, alunakutsho ukuba ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga enye ukubonisa ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba, urhwebo lwangaphandle lulonke lusekuluhlu oluphilileyo noluzinzile" lokusebenza.

Kuba imeko yorhwebo kunyaka ozayo, Wei wathi imeko kunyaka ozayo inzulu, amashishini zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka boyise impembelelo ebangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, ixesha elilibazisekayo ukubamba umva, nto leyo engundoqo. Kwakhona wagxininisa ukuba emva kobhubhane, imboni yemveliso yehlabathi, inkunzi, iteknoloji kunye neetalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa e-China, kufuneka silungiselele, xa silungiselela amaphondo, amathuba amaninzi okubamba.

Xa kufikwa kwisenzo sangoku samaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni ukuba athimbe imiyalelo, u-Wei wayichaza ngokuthi "ubuchule obutsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle", kwangaxeshanye, kukuphunyezwa kwentlanganiso kaDisemba 6 Central Political Bureau ecetywayo "amagosa anobuganga bokwenza, ubuganga basekuhlaleni ukutyhoboza, amashishini anobuganga bokwenza, abantu abaninzi banobuganga bobuvulindlela". Ukongezelela, uWei wacebisa ukuba iindawo ezingakumbi zifanele zithabathe inyathelo lokuqala, “ezifana nomntla-mpuma, ngoku kufanele kuthiwe zidlala indima ‘yeqela’ ngelona xesha lifanelekileyo.”

"Ukuhla kwezinga lokukhula kokwexeshana, ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo ngonyaka kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuba nempilo kwaye kuphuhliso oluzinzile"

I-Surfing News: Idatha ekhutshwe yi-General Administration of Customs ibonisa ukuba ngenyanga kaNovemba, ixabiso lilonke leemveliso ze-China kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-3.7 yezigidigidi ze-yuan, ukwanda kwe-0.1% ngonyaka, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga enye liyaqhubeka liyancipha, indlela yokujonga olu tshintsho?

I-Wei Jianguo: Isizathu sokuhla kokukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye, enye yi-multi-point yokusabalalisa ubhubhane lwasekhaya kunye nokuthintela ubhubhane wengingqi kunye neengqimba zokulawula ubhubhane, okukhokelela kwezinye iindawo zokuthintelwa kwamanye amazwe, okwesibini kukunyuka kwenzala ye-Federal Reserve kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwezinye uqoqosho, amandla okuthenga abathengi achaphazeleka kwinqanaba elithile, kwisiphumo sokuhla komthengi wangaphandle. inventory egciniweyo, nto leyo echaphazela imiyalelo elandelayo yomthengi, eyesithathu yingxabano yaseRashiya-Ukraine, emva kokuba amaxabiso Amandla anyuka, iindleko zempahla zenyuka, kwaye ezinye iifektri zaseYurophu zivaliwe, ukuze ukususela ngoko, kuye kwakho ukuncipha kwemfuno yezinto ezivelisayo neziphilayo zabathengi eChina.

Nangona kunjalo, ukwehla korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye kusekho phakathi koluhlu oluzinzileyo, ukuhla kokwexeshana kwaye kuyaqondakala, ngokwembono jikelele, urhwebo lwangaphandle lusekuluhlu lokusebenza oluphilileyo noluzinzileyo, alinakutsho ukuba ukuhla kwezinga lokukhula kwinyanga enye ukubonisa ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba.

Iindaba zokusefa: kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala zalo nyaka, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lunento efanele ukuqwalaselwa ukusebenza?

I-Wei Jianguo: Kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ixabiso elipheleleyo le-38.34 ye-38.34 yezigidigidi ze-yuan yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China, ukunyuka kwe-8.6% ngexesha elifanayo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, apho, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-21.84 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukwanda kwe-11.9%, ukuthengiswa kwe-16.5 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukwanda kwedijithi ye-4.6 okanye i-4.6% yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Ekubeni ukusebenza korhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka kunemiqondiso emininzi ebalulekileyo efanele ukuqwalaselwa. Okokuqala, urhwebo jikelele kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kubalelwa ngaphezu kwe-60% yexabiso lilonke yorhwebo lwangaphandle, ukufikelela 63,8%, ukwanda 2.2 ekhulwini amanqaku ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle yorhwebo jikelele ibonisa ukuba umjikelo wasekhaya China njenge engundoqo, yasekhaya kunye nezizwe ngezizwe kabini umjikelo ukukhuthazwa mutual ipateni entsha yophuhliso ithatha imilo.

Okwesibini, urhwebo lokucubungula lufumene ukukhula okuthile. Ngexesha ubhubhane, urhwebo processing iye buvila, okanye nkqu ukukhula kakubi, lo gama iinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala zokungenisa urhwebo ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle 7,74 yezigidi zezigidi yuan, ukwanda kwe-1.3%, ukwanda okuncinci kwintsingiselo enkulu yokukhula korhwebo kusemva kokusingqongileyo kweshishini e-China kuye kwaba ngcono, inani elikhulu labatyali-mali bangaphandle ukuba batyale ishishini, imveliso ngaphezulu.

Okwesithathu, izinga lokukhula kwe-China kunye nokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle adityanisiweyo kunye ne "Belt and Road" liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe, kunye nobudlelwane bayo obusondeleyo borhwebo, kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina kumazwe angaphandle kwe-12.54 yetriliyoni yeyuan, ukwanda kwe-20.4%, izinga lokukhula kwe-8 yepesenti ye-8 yezinga eliphezulu unyaka nonyaka. ukurhweba, kwaye, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukukhula kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula.

Okwesine, iimveliso zoomatshini kunye neemveliso zombane kunye neemveliso ezisebenza nzima ukuphumeza ukukhula okuphindwe kabini, sasinexhala lokuba, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, kunye neVietnam ejikelezileyo, iMalaysia ayiyi kuthabatha isabelo semarike kunye nezinye izizathu, ukuthengiswa kwemveliso enzima kakhulu kuya kuncipha, kodwa ukususela kwidatha yangaphambili kaNovemba, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yabasebenzi engaphezulu kwe-9.9 kunye neemveliso zombane ze-9.9% kunye neemveliso zombane zanda kwi-9.9 yeetriliyoni kunye neepesenti ze-9. Iimveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kumazwe angaphandle Emva kokukhula kabini, kubonisa ukuba siyaqhubeka ukomeleza inguqu nokuphuculwa kwamashishini orhwebo angaphandle, kwakunye nokuguqulwa kobume bemveliso yamashishini orhwebo angaphandle.

Ukongeza, iinyanga ze-11 zokuqala, i-ASEAN isengumlingane wethu omkhulu wokurhweba, apha ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP, kwaye i-RCEP elandelayo iya kuqhubeka inamandla.

Ngoko ke, kumbono opheleleyo wonyaka wonke, ndicinga ukuba ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuba nempilo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kusakhula ngokuphindwe kabini, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuya kukhula kungekudala.

"Ii-odolo zamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle sisitya serayisi, iqela ukuya elwandle yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle"
I-Surfing News: Ngoku, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaninzi baququzelela amashishini ukuze bahluthe iiodolo, uwujonga njani lo mjikelo wokusebenza?

I-Wei Jianguo: kumashishini orhwebo angaphandle, umyalelo yisitya serayisi, akukho miyalelo ayinakuphila. Urhulumente uququzelele amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukuba aye elwandle, kunokuthiwa yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ndaqaphela ukuba olu lutsha alukho kuphela kwi-Guangdong yonxweme, iZhejiang, iJiangsu, iFujian, njl., kwimimandla ephakathi nasentshona, kuquka iHunan, iSichuan, njl njl.

Ukongeza kwizinto ezintsha, ulwandle ukubamba ii-odolo kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuphumeza intlanganiso kaDisemba 6 yeCentral Political Bureau "amaqela anobuganga bokwenza, ubuganga basekhaya bokutyhoboza, amashishini anobuganga bokwenza, abantu abaninzi banobuganga bobuvulindlela" iimfuno.

Iqela libambe odolo kumazwe angaphandle, okokuqala, libonisa ukuba emva kweNkongolo yeSizwe yama-20, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle anenkangeleko entsha, anobuganga bokugqobhoza ukuphumelela ihlabathi; okwesibini, ii-odolo ngamashishini orhwebo angaphandle, kodwa kulandelwa yityathanga lemveliso, ingqesho kunye neseti epheleleyo yemarike yasekhaya, ngoko ke ii-odolo zokubamba kukubamba imarike; okwesithathu, amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukubonisa kumazwe angaphandle, kukho amashishini amaninzi inkathazo, urhulumente wadlala indima ”Esinye isandla”, ungabona ukuba urhulumente ngokukhawuleza, iinkonzo endaweni ukunceda amashishini ukusombulula iingxaki, kuquka inqwelomoya eqeshiweyo, uthintelo ubhubhane nkqu inkunzi.

Ukususela ngoku ukuya ku-Epreli ozayo, ngoMeyi, ihlabathi liya kubanjwa imiboniso engamakhulu amahlanu okanye amathandathu ahlukeneyo, kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba ngenkuthalo, kungekhona kuphela eGuangdong, eHong Kong naseMacao, kwingingqi yaseYangtze River Delta ukuba bathathe inxaxheba, imimandla esembindini nasentshona, ummandla osemntla-mpuma kufuneka nawo athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokudlala indima "yeqela".

Ubhubhani weminyaka emithathu ayilorhwebo lwangaphandle kuphela, uqoqosho lwethu lulonke kunye notshintshiselwano lwehlabathi, unxibelelwano, ukumisa akwanelanga, ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo liqhubekile nokuhlengahlengisa, kwaye olu hlengahlengiso lungekho kumashishini athile aseTshayina, ngoku ngeli xesha ukwenza umgama, ngokukhawuleza ungene kwikhonkco elitsha lobonelelo lwehlabathi, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, kufuneka senze umsebenzi olungileyo "wotshintshiselwano, unxibelelwano, kufuneka silwele ukuphuma ngaphandle, kodwa kufuneka silwele ukuphuma ngaphandle." Utyalo-mali olungakumbi eTshayina.

“Imeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka uzayo imbi kakhulu, kodwa ikwalixesha elinamandla”

Iindaba zeSurfing: luthini uqikelelo lwemeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunyaka ozayo?

Wei Jianguo: iimeko ezimbini, imeko kulo nyaka uzayo imbi, amashishini zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka ukuba boyise impembelelo ebangelwa ngubhubhane wasekhaya, ixesha elilibazisekileyo ukubamba umva, eyona nto iphambili, inkalo yezizwe ngezizwe, ezinye ze-counter-globalization, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa korhwebo, unilateralism, njl.

Ukususela esiphelweni salo nyaka amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukubona imeko, unyaka ozayo lixesha elinamandla. Ukuvula ngakumbi kwihlabathi langaphandle kwinqanaba eliphezulu, amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukuba aqhubele phambili umoya wobuganga bokwenza ubuganga bokutyhoboza, kwaye azame ukuya kunyaka olandelayo, imfuno yangaphandle akwanelanga, kwaye nemfuno yangaphandle kangangexesha elithile inzima kakhulu, urhwebo lwangaphandle ukuya kumaza phezu kobunzima, ukugcina imeko yangoku, okanye ingcono ngakumbi kunemeko yalo nyaka, ukukhula okuphindwe kabini kurhwebo lwangaphandle, kuya kuba lixesha elide lokurhweba.

Iindaba zeSurf: Ngawaphi amagqabantshintshi orhwebo lwangaphandle kunyaka ozayo ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa?

I-Wei Jianguo: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuphuculo lwesiTshayina esifuna ukuluphumeza. I-China-style yesimanje igxininisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle. Kunyaka ozayo, kuya kubakho uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhuthaza umgangatho ophezulu wokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle, ukukhuthaza indawo yoshishino yaseChina, ukhuseleko lwepropathi yengqondo, ngakumbi ekusekweni kwenkqubo yemarike esekelwe kumthetho, ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthatha inyathelo elikhulu phambili, kwaye imarike enkulu yaseChina iya kutsala utyalo-mali olungenakubalwa njenge-sucker. Emva kobhubhane, ukuveliswa kwehlabathi, inkunzi, iteknoloji kunye neetalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa e-China, kufuneka silungele, amaphondo alungiselelwe ngakumbi, amathuba amaninzi okubamba.

Iindaba zeSurfing: Yeyiphi indima eza kudlala uzinzo kurhwebo lwangaphandle ekuzinziseni ukukhula? Kunyaka ozayo, urhwebo lwangaphandle oluzinzileyo kufuneka luvela kweziphi iinkalo zokwenza iinzame?

U-Wei Jianguo: Ekusetyenzisweni akuzange kugcinwe, umphumo wotyalo-mali awukabonakali, urhwebo lwangaphandle luya kuqhubeka ludlala indima enkulu. Ukuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle, into ephambili kukuzinzisa izifundo zemarike, uzinzise umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, ukuphunyezwa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwangaphandle ukusuka kulo nyaka, ebandakanya i-inshurensi, i-credit, izithethe, kubandakanywa nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethiweyo ye-e-commerce ewela umda, ukubamba umbutho kunye nokuphunyezwa; okwesibini, ukuseka iqela elikhulu, elivulekileyo lothungelwano lolwazi, imfuno yehlabathi yeziphi izinto, yeyiphi indawo enomboniso, yeyiphi indawo efuna oko abathengi, yintoni ingcebiso kwiimveliso zethu, apho iimarike zisafuna ukuphononongwa, urhwebo lwangaphandle ukubamba ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka Okwesithathu, ukusekwa kwe "flagship" njengeyona nto iphambili, enye "i-frigate" yokugcinwa kwemodeli "yenqanawa", oko kukuthi, ukukhokela amashishini amakhulu, amashishini amancinci kunye namancinci. yendlela "yokumisa" ukuphuhlisa iimarike ezintsha.

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