"I-oda yisitsha serayisi, iqembu eliya olwandle liyintsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle"

Unyaka ka-2022 usuzo “vala”, hlobo luni “lwephepha lokuphendula lonyaka” elizolethwa uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseChina?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11 zokukhula okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga nenyanga yohwebo lwangaphandle kusukela kuJulayi inyanga nenyanga yehla; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kuthathwe ama-oda amaningi, kusukela ezifundazweni zomnotho zasogwini olusempumalanga kuya esifundeni esimaphakathi nesentshonalanga, ohulumeni abaningi bahlele amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuba andizele phesheya ukuze bathuthukise izimakethe.

I-China Center for International Economic Exchanges Vice-President, owayeyiPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo Wei Jianguo uthe engxoxweni ekhethekile nentatheli yezindaba ekhulayo, kulindeleke kulo nyaka wonke, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina jikelele kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka okunempilo nokuzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazofinyelela ukukhula kwamadijithi amabili.

Kodwa-ke, u-Wei Jianguo waveza ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga eyodwa kusengaphakathi kwebanga elizinzile, futhi ukwehla "kungokwesikhashana, kuyaqondakala", "ukwesaba okungadingekile, akunakusho ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga eyodwa ukufakazela ukuthi ikusasa lohwebo lwangaphandle lifiphele, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe sekukonke kusesohlelweni lokusebenza olunempilo futhi oluzinzile".

Esimeni sohwebo sangonyaka ozayo, u-Wei uthe isimo ngonyaka ozayo sibi kakhulu, amabhizinisi asekhaya okuhweba angaphandle kusafanele anqobe umthelela obangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, isikhathi sokubambezeleka sokubuyela emuva, okuyisihluthulelo. Uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, imboni yezokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, inhloko-dolobha, ubuchwepheshe kanye nethalente kuzosheshisa ukudluliselwa eShayina, kufanele sizilungiselele, uma izifundazwe zikulungele ngokwengeziwe, amathuba amaningi okubamba.

Uma kukhulunywa ngesenzo samanje samaqembu amaningi endawo sokubamba ama-oda, u-Wei wakuchaza ngokuthi “intsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle”, ngasikhathi sinye, wukuqaliswa komhlangano ka-December 6 Central Political Bureau ohlongozwayo “amabutho angalokotha akwenze, isibindi sendawo sokufohla, amabhizinisi alokotha akwenze, uquqaba lube nesibindi sokuphayona” izidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Wei wasikisela ukuthi izindawo ezengeziwe kufanele ziphume futhi zithathe isinyathelo kuqala, “njengenyakatho-mpumalanga, manje kufanele kuthiwe idlala indima ‘yeqembu’ ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu.”

"Ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kungokwesikhashana, ukuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke kwezohwebo nokuthekelisa kusazoba yintuthuko enempilo futhi ezinzile"

I-Surfing News: Idatha ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs ibonisa ukuthi ngenyanga kaNovemba, inani eliphelele lempahla yaseShayina evela kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.7, ukwanda ngo-0.1% unyaka nonyaka, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga eyodwa liyaqhubeka nokwehla, indlela yokubuka lolu shintsho?

I-Wei Jianguo: Isizathu sokwehla kokukhula kohwebo lwangaphandle ngenyanga eyodwa, esinye ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphuzu amaningi kobhubhane lwasekhaya kanye nezingqimba ezithile zokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane lwasekhaya, okuholela kwezinye izindawo zokuvinjelwa kokuthekelisa, okwesibili ukukhuphuka kwezinga lenzalo ye-Federal Reserve okuholele ekwenyukeni kwamandla emali kweminye iminotho, ukufunwa kwamandla okuthenga kwabathengi kwathinteka ngandlela thize, ukwehla komthengi wangaphandle. i-inventory eqoqiwe, nayo ethinta ama-oda alandelayo ekhasimende, okwesithathu yingxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine, ngemuva kokuba amanani entengo Amandla akhuphuka, izindleko zempahla zikhuphuka, futhi ezinye izimboni eYurophu zivaliwe, kangangokuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwaba nokuncipha kwesidingo sezimpahla ezikhiqizayo neziphilayo zabathengi eChina.

Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kohwebo lwangaphandle ngenyanga eyodwa kusengaphakathi kwebanga elizinzile, ukwehla kungokwesikhashana futhi kuyaqondakala, ngokombono jikelele, uhwebo lwangaphandle lusesebangeni lokusebenza elinempilo futhi elizinzile, alikwazi ukusho ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula ngenyanga eyodwa ukufakazela ukuthi ikusasa lokuhweba kwamanye amazwe lifiphele.

Izindaba ze-surfing: ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11 zalo nyaka, uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseChina lunakho okufanele ukunakwa kokusebenza?

I-Wei Jianguo: Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, inani lokungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina seliphelele lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-38.34, okukhuphuke ngo-8.6% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, okuthe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-yuan angama-21.84 trillion, ukwanda ngo-11.9%, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-yuan angama-trillion ayi-16.5, ukwanda kwamadijithi angama-4.6, ukukhula okuphindwe kabili noma okuphindwe kabili.

Njengoba ukusebenza kohwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezifanele ukunakwa. Okokuqala, ukuhweba okuvamile okungenisiwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubalele ngaphezu kuka-60% yenani eliphelele lohwebo lwangaphandle, lafinyelela ku-63.8%, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-2.2 esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, ukusebenza kahle kohwebo oluvamile kubonisa ukuthi umjikelezo wasekhaya waseChina njengomjikelezo oyinhloko, wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe ophindwe kabili wokugqugquzela ukuhambisana kwephethini entsha yentuthuko uyakhula.

Okwesibili, ukuhweba ngokucubungula sekuthole ukukhula okuthile. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, ukuhwebelana kokucubungula bekulokhu kuvilapha, noma ukukhula okungalungile, kuyilapho izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-11 zokucubungula ukungenisa nokuthekelisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ku-7.74 trillion yuan, ukwanda kwe-1.3%, ukwanda okuncane kokubaluleka okukhulu kokucubungula ukukhula kohwebo kungemuva kwemvelo yebhizinisi eChina isibe ngcono, inani elikhulu labatshalizimali bangaphandle ukutshala ibhizinisi, ukukhiqiza ngaphezulu.

Okwesithathu, izinga lokukhula kwezwe laseShayina elihlangene lokungenisa nokuthekelisa emazweni ahambisana ne-“Belt and Road” liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lilonke lohwebo lwangaphandle lwezwe, kanye nobudlelwano balo bezohwebo obusondelene kakhulu, ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina okuhlangene nokuthekelisa kwamazwe ahambisana ne-“Belt and Road” ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12.54, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-20.4%, izinga lokukhula kwezwe langaphandle elingaphezu konyaka owodwa unyaka nonyaka. ukuhweba, futhi, ngikholelwa ukuthi umfutho wokukhula uzoqhubeka nokukhula.

Okwesine, imikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi kanye nemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi ukuze ikhule ngokuphindwe kabili, besikhathazekile ngokuthi, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, okuhambisana neVietnam ezungezile, iMalaysia ngeke isuse isabelo semakethe nezinye izizathu, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi kuzokwehla, kodwa kusukela kudatha yangaphambilini yangoNovemba, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo esebenza kanzima ifinyelela ku-9.9% kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi ekhuphuka i-3.9% kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi ekhuphukayo, i-9.9% kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi ekhuphukayo. Imikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi ithunyelwa ngaphandle Emuva kokukhula okuphindwe kabili, kukhombisa ukuthi siyaqhubeka nokuqinisa uguquko kanye nokwenza ngcono amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo wamabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, i-ASEAN isenguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba, lapha sibonga ukuqaliswa kwe-RCEP, futhi i-RCEP elandelayo izoqhubeka nokusebenza.

Ngakho-ke, ngokombono ophelele wonyaka wonke, ngicabanga ukuthi ukungeniswa kwezohwebo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazoba ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo futhi okuzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazokhula ngamadijithi amabili, ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kuzokhula maduze.

"Ama-oda wamabhizinisi angaphandle yisitsha serayisi, iqembu eliya olwandle liyintsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle"
I-Surfing News: Njengamanje, ohulumeni abaningi basekhaya bahlela amabhizinisi ukuze abambe ama-oda, uwubheka kanjani lo mjikelezo?

I-Wei Jianguo: kumabhizinisi ohwebo angaphandle, i-oda liyisitsha selayisi, awekho ama-oda angakwazi ukusinda. Uhulumeni wahlela amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuthi aye olwandle, kungashiwo njengokusha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngiqaphele ukuthi lokhu okusha akukhona kuphela eGuangdong elisogwini, eZhejiang, eJiangsu, eFujian, njll., ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nesentshonalanga, okuhlanganisa i-Hunan, iSichuan, njll. nayo yaqala, okuyinto enhle.

Ngaphezu kokusungula izinto ezintsha, ulwandle lokuthatha ama-oda kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqalisa umhlangano wango-December 6 we-Central Political Bureau “amabutho angalokotha akwenze, isibindi sendawo sokubhodloza, amabhizinisi anesibindi sokukwenza, uquqaba lunesibindi sokuphayona” izimfuneko.

Iqembu lokuthatha ama-oda phesheya, okokuqala, libonisa ukuthi ngemuva kwe-20th National Congress, amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle abe nokubukeka okusha, alinge ukufohla ukuze awine umhlaba; okwesibili, ama-oda angamabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle, kodwa alandelwa uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, ukuqashwa kanye nesethi egcwele yemakethe yasekhaya, ngakho-ke ama-oda wokubamba ukubamba imakethe; okwesithathu, amabhizinisi okuhweba angaphandle ukuze abonise phesheya, kukhona amabhizinisi amaningi enkingeni, uhulumeni wadlala indima "Esinye isandla", ungabona ukuthi uhulumeni uyashesha, izinsiza ezikhona zokusiza amabhizinisi ukuxazulula ubunzima, okuhlanganisa izindiza eziqashiwe, ukuvimbela ubhubhane ngisho nemali.

Kusukela manje kuze kube ngo-Ephreli ozayo, May, umhlaba uzobanjwa imibukiso ehlukahlukene engamakhulu amahlanu noma ayisithupha, kufanele sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, hhayi kuphela eGuangdong, eHong Kong naseMacao, esifundeni saseYangtze River Delta ukubamba iqhaza, izifunda ezimaphakathi nesentshonalanga, isifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga kufanele futhi sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, manje yisikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokudlala indima "yeqembu".

Ubhubhane lweminyaka emithathu alulona nje uhwebo lwangaphandle, umnotho wethu uwonke ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke, ukuxhumana, ukumisa imikhumbi akwanele, uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke eminyakeni emithathu edlule luqhubekile nokulungisa, futhi lolu shintsho lungekho kwamanye amabhizinisi aseShayina, manje lesi sikhathi sokwenza ibanga, ngokushesha ungene ochungechungeni olusha lomhlaba wonke, uchungechunge lwezimboni, kufanele senze umsebenzi omuhle "wokushintshanisa, ukuxhumana, sidinga ukulwa nokuthengisa ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa sidinga ukuheha" ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe e-China.

“Isimo sohwebo lwangaphandle ngonyaka ozayo sibi, kodwa futhi yisikhathi esinamandla”

I-Surfing News: sithini isibikezelo sesimo sohwebo lwangaphandle ngonyaka ozayo?

I-Wei Jianguo: izimo ezimbili, isimo esinzima ngonyaka ozayo, amabhizinisi asekhaya okuhweba angaphandle kusadingeka anqobe umthelela obangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, isikhathi esibambezelekile sokubuyisela emuva, okuyisihluthulelo, isici samazwe ngamazwe, okunye kokuphikisana nembulunga yonke, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo, unilateralism, njll.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwalo nyaka amabhizinisi ahweba kwamanye amazwe ukuze abone isimo, unyaka ozayo yisikhathi esinamandla. Ukuqhubeka nokuvulela izwe langaphandle ezingeni eliphezulu, amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuze aqhubekisele phambili umoya wesibindi sokwenza isibindi sokubhoboza, futhi alwele ukuya ngonyaka ozayo, isidingo sangaphandle akwanele, ngisho nesidingo sangaphandle isikhathi esithile sinzima kakhulu, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ukuguquguquka phezu kobunzima, ukulondoloza okwamanje, noma okungcono nakakhulu kunesimo salo nyaka, ukukhula kwamadijithi amabili ekuhwebeni kwangaphandle ngaphansi kwesikhathi eside, kuyoba yimizamo yesikhathi eside.

I-Surf News: Yiziphi izinto ezivelele zohwebo lwangaphandle lwangonyaka ozayo okufanele ukunakwa?

I-Wei Jianguo: Okugqama kakhulu uhlobo lwesimanje lwesiShayina esifuna ukulisebenzisa. Isitayela saseShayina sesimanjemanje sigcizelela izinga eliphezulu lokuvuleleka emhlabeni wangaphandle. Ngonyaka ozayo, kuzoba nochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokuvuleleka emazweni angaphandle, ukukhuthaza imvelo yebhizinisi laseShayina, ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo, ikakhulukazi ekusungulweni kohlelo lwezimakethe olusekelwe ekugunyazweni, ukumaketha kanye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, okuthatha igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili, futhi imakethe enkulu yaseShayina izoheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenakubalwa njenge-sucker. Ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, inhlokodolobha, ubuchwepheshe kanye namakhono kuzosheshisa ukudluliselwa eShayina, kufanele sikulungele, izifundazwe ezilungiselele kakhudlwana, amathuba engeziwe okubamba iqhaza.

I-Surfing News: Iyiphi indima ezodlalwa ukuzinzisa uhwebo lwangaphandle ekusimamiseni ukukhula? Ngonyaka ozayo, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe okuzinzile kufanele kube kusuka yiziphi izici zokwenza imizamo?

I-Wei Jianguo: Ekusetshenzisweni akuzange kugcinwe, umphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali awukabonakali, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuzoqhubeka nokudlala indima enkulu. Ukuzinzisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, into eyinhloko ukuzinzisa izifundo zemakethe, ukuzinzisa inqubomgomo yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, ukuqaliswa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zohwebo lwangaphandle kusukela kulo nyaka, okubandakanya umshwalense, izikweletu, amasiko, kuhlanganise nezinqubomgomo ezithile ezikhethwayo ze-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ukubamba inhlangano nokusebenzisa; okwesibili, ukusungula iqembu elikhulu, elivulekile lenethiwekhi yolwazi, isidingo somhlaba wonke salokho izinto, iyiphi indawo enombukiso, iyiphi indawo edinga lokho amakhasimende, yiziphi izeluleko ngemikhiqizo yethu, yiziphi izimakethe ezisadingeka zihlolwe, uhwebo lwangaphandle okufanele lubambe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. yendlela “yokumisa okukodwa” ukuthuthukisa izimakethe ezintsha.

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